A Connected Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) System Project is Estimated to Cost Approximately $550,000 for the Prototype Phase and $9.27 Million for the Expected Large-Scale Implementation.

The Road Commission for Oakland County (RCOC) field tested the following V2X use cases starting in mid-2024: traffic signal priority, vulnerable road user (VRU) detection and alerts, and multi-band communication performance.

• The prototype, deployed in five intersections and 10 vehicles, cost approximately $550,000. The costs covered early re-work, over-engineered designs, and limited modification of existing camera infrastructure, but excluded technical project management. The unit cost was approximately $80,000 per intersection and $15,000 per vehicle.
• The at-scale implementation, planned for 112 intersections and 1,000 vehicles equipped with direct V2X technology, is projected to cost $9.27 million. The costs are expected to cover V2X hardware components such as cameras, cabinets, and controllers, along with installation, maintenance, and one-time technical or non-technical items. The unit costs of V2X hardware, installation, and maintenance per vehicle are listed in Table 1. The hardware and installation costs per intersection are listed in Table 2. The annualized maintenance costs per intersection are listed in Table 3.

Table 1. Hardware, installation and maintenance costs per vehicle.

Table 2. Hardware and installation costs per intersection.

Table 3. Maintenance costs per intersection per year.

• Non-technical or one-time technical items are expected to cost $5.7 million, which include project management, workforce development, community engagement, procurement management, V2X integration and testing, interoperability testing with MDOT and Macomb County, changes in traffic operations center network configuration, and adaptive signal timing integration.
• If networked V2X is confirmed feasible for at-scale deployment, overall costs would be significantly reduced, as expenses would mainly involve network connection and traffic controller upgrades, with no need for VRU detection systems or traffic cabinet upgrades. The projected cost comparison is shown in Table 4.

Table 4. Comparison of direct and networked V2X costs per intersection.