Researchers Assessed Energy-Efficient Dynamic Routing Application Using the C-V2X Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Communication Technology in a Simulation Environment.
Los Angeles, California, United States
Quantifying the Impact of Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) on Transportation System Efficiency, Energy and Environment
Summary Information
Connected Vehicles (CVs) have the potential to enhance vehicle safety while reducing energy consumption and emissions through data sharing, which in turn can provide timely data to improve the transportation system’s capacity, safety and reduce any adverse effects on the environment. This study investigated a Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) eco-routing application as a function of vehicular traffic density, which is affected by traffic mobility patterns and vehicle routing strategies. As a case study of C-V2X applications, the researchers developed an energy-efficient dynamic routing application for downtown Los Angeles using the C-V2X Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication technology. Specifically, a Connected Energy-Efficient Dynamic Routing (C-EEDR) application was developed and used in an integrated vehicular traffic and communication simulator to estimate the environmental impacts of the technology in terms of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption.
METHODOLOGY
In this study, the effectiveness and environmental impact of a C-EEDR application were assessed using a detailed traffic simulation tool that integrates both microscopic traffic dynamics and C-V2X communications. The analysis was conducted under two sets of conditions: IDEAL and realistic C-V2X. IDEAL conditions assume perfect communication, where all transmitted messages are received without loss or delay. In contrast, realistic C-V2X conditions utilize 4G LTE-V technology, which may involve some communication challenges. The C-EEDR assessment was conducted through simulations in the downtown Los Angeles area, considering varying traffic conditions with four different traffic demand levels and nine market penetration rates.
FINDINGS
- The results demonstrated that the C-EEDR application achieved fuel savings of up to 16.6 percent in the IDEAL communication case for a peak hour demand on the downtown Los Angeles network considering a 50 percent level of market penetration of connected vehicles.
- The C-EEDR application achieved fuel savings of 15.2 percent and 11.7 percent for the IDEAL communication at 75 percent and 100 percent market penetration rates, respectively.
- The results also showed that the C-EEDR application achieved fuel savings of up to 14.7 percent in the C-V2X communication case for a peak hour demand on the downtown Los Angeles network considering a 50 percent level of market penetration of connected vehicles.
- The C-EEDR application achieved fuel savings of 14 percent and nine percent for the C-V2X communication at 75 percent and 100 percent market penetration rates, respectively.
