Real-World Test of Several Vehicles Driven under Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) Show an Increase of 2.7 – 20.5 Percent in Energy Use As Compared to Human Drivers. Methodology Tractive energy consumption serves as the energy impact indicator to exclude the effect of propulsion system. Two techniques were used to further isolate driving behavior and allow… Content type Benefit Date Posted 01/28/2021 Taxonomy (ARC-IT) Autonomous Vehicle Safety Systems (VS01), Infrastructure Enhanced Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (VS15), Automated Vehicle Operations (VS16) Geolocation links Ispra, Italy