This research was conducted to compare the potential benefits and costs of several types of ITS technologies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the 27 states of the European Union (EU27). The study used a multi-criteria analysis to assess the direct and indirect effects of advanced driver assistance systems, traffic management solutions, and other innovative eco-solutions at reducing CO2 emission.

The results included a qualitative ranking of the most promising systems and quantitative estimates of system impacts. In order to qualitatively estimate reductions in CO2 levels researchers measured impacts on kilometers traveled, speed profiles, homogenization of traffic flow, traffic flow composition, and the efficiency of engine use. Researchers also examined current and forecasted use of specific technologies, measured costs, compliance issues, barriers for implementation, risks, and testimonial data gathered from participating stakeholders.

Based on the results of an initial literature study, the following technologies were selected for analysis.

• Adaptive cruise control
• Lane keeping assistant and emergency braking
• Platooning
• Eco-driver assistance (including energy-use Indicator and gear shift indicator)
• Eco-driver coaching (including enhanced map data)
• Fuel-efficient route choice
• Automatic engine shutdown
• Tire pressure indicators
• Pay As You Drive strategies
• Congestion charging
• Adaptive signal control
• Trip departure planning for commercial vehicles (freight)
• Slot management

Eco-driver Coaching and Eco-driver Assistance technologies use in-vehicle tools such as gear-shift indicators and speed profile recommendations to help drivers drive in a more energy efficient manner. Eco-driver Coaching includes the use of enhanced map data to account for variations in approaching terrain. Both systems are dependent on the willingness of the driver to comply with the most energy efficient driving style.