ADAS Study Conducted in India Using Small-Scale Field Test Driving Data, and Post-Experiment User Survey.
India
Evaluating effectiveness and acceptance of advanced driving assistance systems using field operational test
Summary Information
Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) have the potential to improve safety by enhancing driving behavior. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and acceptance of ADAS features, including Lane Departure Warning (LDW), Forward Collision Warning (FCW), and Traffic Speed Recognition Warning (TSRW), across various driver demographics such as age groups, gender, occupation, and road types. The Field Operational Test (FOT) conducted in Hyderabad, India, involved 30 participants who drove a test vehicle twice (once in the stealth phase and once in the active phase) on three distinct road segments: an expressway (20.6 km or 12.8 miles), urban road (7.2 km or 4.5 miles), and semi-urban road (13.4 km or 8.3 miles).
METHODOLOGY
The test vehicle used in this study was an instrumented passenger car equipped with
ADAS, a Global Positioning System, and lasers. During the FOT, the participants completed 60 trips, 30 in the stealth phase and 30 in the active phase. A post-experimental questionnaire was used, including five questions related to the driver demography, and 63 questions related to technology acceptance for LDW, FCW and TSRW. A seven-point Likert scale was used in the FOT to develop the user acceptance model, where ‘one’ represented ‘strongly disagree’, ‘four’ represented ‘neither agree nor disagree’, and ‘seven’ represented ‘strongly agree’. The average count of three levels of FCW events were considered to evaluate the effectiveness of FCW in longitudinal driver behavior: Level 1 (Time to Collision (TTC)>0.9 s), Level 2 (TTC between 0.6-0.9 s) , and Level 3 (TTC<0.9 s). The LDW system was evaluated by counting the number of lane departures when the test vehicle departed the lane unintentionally without turning on the indicator. Parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were carried out to determine ADAS's effects.
FINDINGS
- Statistical analysis of the driving data showed that the number of unintentional lane departures decreased by 50 percent among young drivers (decreased from 4.36 to 2.18), 60.7 percent among middle-aged drivers (decreased from 7.41 to 2.91), and 64.3 percent among older drivers (decreased from 7.0 to 2.5), comparing stealth and active modes of the LDW feature. All three of these findings were statistically significant.
Statistical analysis of the driving data also revealed that the number of unintentional lane departures decreased by 53.2 percent for expressways (decreased from 4.81 to 2.25), and 49.1 percent for urban roads (decreased from 2.85 to 1.45), comparing stealth and active modes of the LDW feature. Both of these findings were statistically significant. - The post-experiment driver questionnaire revealed that the difference in the mean acceptance scores for various age groups was statistically significant for TSRW. The mean acceptance score of the old age group was 93.33 percent, whereas the score for the middle age group was 88.11 percent, and that of the young age group was 84.29 percent.
