The startup costs of enrolling in electronic screening are primarily associated with membership fees and the costs of transponders. Recurrent costs incur from monthly subscriptions of bypass fees and transponder maintenance and ranged from $7 to $14 per transponder . There are minimal startup and recurring costs incurred from staff training in regards to electronic screening. For the 18 motor carriers in this study, the returns on investment (ROIs) in electronic screening technology ranged from 6.1:1 to 15.9:1.